SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Unit-11; Lesson-3(B)
Countries of the world rely heavily on petroleum, coal and natural gas for their energy sources. There are two major types of energy sources: renewable and non-renewable. Hydro-carbon or fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. Reliance on them poses real big problems. First, fossil fuels such as oil, coal, gas etc, are finite energy resources and the world eventually will run out of them. Secondly, they will become too expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment to repair. Thirdly, fossil fuels have direct polluting impacts on earth’s environment causing global warming.
বিশ্বের দেশগুলো শক্তি উৎসের জন্য পেট্রোলিয়াম, কয়লা ও প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের ওপর ব্যাপকভাবে নির্ভর করে। দুই ধরনের শক্তির উৎস আছে-নবায়নযোগ্য এবং অনবায়নযোগ্য। হাইড্রো-কার্বন বা জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি অনবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎস। তাদের ওপর নির্ভরশীলতা বড় সমস্যা সৃষ্টি করে। প্রথমত, জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি যেমন তেল, কয়লা, গ্যাস ইত্যাদি এসব শক্তির উৎসের পরিমাণ সীমিত এবং বিশ্বের এক সময় এগুলোর মজুদ শেষ হয়ে যাবে।দ্বিতীয়ত, আসছে দশকে তারা এত ব্যয়বহুল হবে এবং পরিবেশের জন্য এত ক্ষতিকর হবে যে তার ক্ষতিপূরণ আর করা যাবে না। তৃতীয়ত, জীবাশ্ম জ্বালানি পৃথিবীর আবহাওয়াকে সরাসরিভাবে দূষিত করছে যেটা বৈশ্বিক উষ্ণতা সৃষ্টি করছে।
In contrast, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight or solar energy can be used for heating and lighting homes, for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.
এর বিপরীতে নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎস যেমন, বাতাস ও সৌরশক্তি সর্বদা প্রাকৃতিকভাবে পূরণ হয়ে যায় এবং কখনও নিঃশেষ হয়ে যায় না। অধিকাংশ নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি প্রত্যক্ষ বা পরোক্ষভাবে সূর্য থেকে আসে। সূর্যালোক বা সৌর শক্তি ঘরবাড়ি উত্তপ্ত বা আলোকিত করার জন্য, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনের জন্য এবং অন্য কোনো বাণিজ্যিক ও কলকারখানায় ব্যবহারের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
The sun’s heat drives the wind and this wind energy can be captured with wind turbines to produce electricity. Then the wind and the sun’s heat cause water to evaporate. When this water vapour turns into rain or snow and flows downhill into rivers or streams, its energy can be captured as hydroelectric energy.
Along with the rain and snow, sunlight causes plants to grow. Plants produce biomass which again can be turned into fuels such as firewood, alcohol, etc identified as bioenergy.
সূর্যের তাপ বায়ুপ্রবাহ তৈরি করে আর এই বায়ু শক্তি বায়ু ঘূর্ণন যন্ত্রে গ্রহণ করে বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন করা যেতে পারে। তারপর বাতাস এবং সূর্যের তাপ পানিকে বাষ্পীভূত করে। যখন এই বাষ্পীয় পানি বৃষ্টিতে বা তুষারে পরিণত হয আর পাহাড় বেয়ে নদী বা ঝরনায় নেমে আসে তখন এর শক্তিকে জলবিদ্যুৎ শক্তি হিসেবে গ্রহণ করা যায়। বৃষ্টি আর তুষারকে সাথে সূর্যালোক উদ্ভিদের বৃদ্ধি ঘটায়। উদ্ভিদ জৈববস্তুপুঞ্জ প্রস্তুত করে যা আবার জ্বালানি হয়ে যেমন: জ্বালানি কাঠ, ্অ্যালকোহল ইত্যাদি রূপান্তর করা যায় যা জৈবশক্তি হিসেবে পরিচিত।
Scientists have identified Hydrogen as another form of renewable energy source. It is the most abundant element in nature. But it does not exist separately as a gas. It is always combined with other elements, such as with oxygen to make water. Hydrogen, separated from another element, can be burned as a fuel to produce electricity.
Our Earth’s interior contains molten lava with tremendous heat. This heat inside the Earth produces steam and hot water which can be tapped as geothermal energy to produce electricity, for heating home, etc.
নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তি উৎসের অন্য রূপ হিসেবে বিজ্ঞানীরা হাইড্রোজেনকে সনাক্ত করেছেন। এই উপাদানটিই প্রকৃতিতে সবচেয়ে বেশি। কিন্তু এটি গ্যাস হিসেবে আলাদাভাবে থাকে না। এটি সর্বদা অন্য কোনো উপাদানের সঙ্গে যুক্ত যেমন, এটি অক্সিজেনের সাথে যুক্ত হয়ে পানি তৈরি করে। হাইড্রোজেন, অন্য উপাদান হতে আলাদা করে, বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদনে জ্বালানি হিসেবে দাহ্য হতে পারে।
আমাদের পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তর প্রচন্ড উত্তপ্ত গলিত লাভা ধারণ করে। পৃথিবীর অভ্যন্তরীণ এই উত্তাপ বাষ্প ও উষ্ণ পানি উৎপন্ন করে যা বাড়ি উষ্ণ রাখার জন্য এবং বিদ্যুৎ উৎপাদন করতে ভূ-তাপীয় শক্তি হিসেবে কাজে লাগানো যেতে পারে।
Ocean energy comes from several sources. Ocean’s force of tide and wave can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun than the ocean depths. This temperature difference can be used as an energy source too. (Source: the Internet)
মহাসাগরীয় শক্তি বিভিন্ন উৎস থেকে আসে। মহাসাগরের জোয়ার ভাটা ও ঢেউয়ের বেগ শক্তি উৎপাদনের ব্যবহার হতে পারে। মহাসাগরের উপরিভাগ মহাসাগরের গভীর অঞ্চলের চেয়ে সূর্যের কাছ থেকে অধিক উত্তাপ পায়। এই উষ্ণতার পার্থক্য শক্তির উৎস হিসেবেও ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
1. Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives.
a) In paragraph 1, it is said, “wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out.” What does the writer want to mean by this?
i. Wind and solar energy are naturally unchangeable and never move from one place to another.
ii. Wind and solar energy are fixed both in amount and movement.
iii. Wind and solar energy are continually and naturally being refilled and are never to be finished. ☑
iv. Wind and solar energy are natural things which are bound to get completely changed in course of time.
b) The sun is—- many natural energy.
i. connected with ☑
ii. not the source of
iii. not contributory factor for
iv. destroying
c) What does the expression, “reliance on them poses real big problems’ mean?
i. Dependence on renewable energy sources may bring about danger
ii. Utilization renewable energy sources can be destructive.
iii. Dependence on non-renewable energy sources creates truly great problems. ☑
iv. Depending on renewable energy sources is not safe as far as environment is concerned.
d) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the word ‘rely’ used in line 1?
i. Apply
ii. Supply
iii. Depend ☑
iv. Utilize
e) The sun is responsible ——-.
i. for the destruction of the world
ii. to cause evaporation ☑
iii. for our environment
iv. for our many difficulties
f) Hydrogen ——.
i. has a separate existence
ii. exists in combination with oxygen ☑
iii. is not consumable
iv. is not an abundant element in nature
g) Consumption of fossil fuels ——-.
i. is favorable for our happy life in the world
ii. is causing irreparable damage to our environment ☑
iii. does not create any problem for us
iv. is not likely to lead us towards a crisis
h) Rain and snow, sunlight and wind help grow —–.
i. energy
ii. electricity
iii. plants ☑
iv. water power
i) Which of the following describes the dissimilarity between the renewable energy source and the non-renewable energy sources?
i. Renewable energy sources are fixed in amount like the non-renewable energy sources.
ii. Renewable energy sources are infinite and harmless to the environment totally unlike the non-renewable energy sources ☑
iii. Non-renewable energy sources cannot be used so widely as renewable energy sources
iv. Renewable energy sources can be used only in some limited fields whereas non-renewable energy sources have a great variety of users
j) Which of the following best describes the renewable energy sources?
i. Destructive
ii. Infinite ☑
iii. Fixed
iv. Finite
SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
2. Answer the following questions.
a) Who are dependent on energy sources and why and what do non-renewable energy sources create on them?
Answer: The countries of the world are dependent on energy sources because no country can do anything without it. Reliance on non-renewable energy sources creates big problems.
b) “Fossil fuels have direct pollution impacts on earth’s environment causing global warming.” What does the writer want to mean by this sentence?
Answer: By this sentence, the writer wants to mean that fossil fuels being burnt produce carbon dioxide which accounts for global warming. Owing to excessive carbon dioxide, the heat coming from the sun cannot return upwards and consequently, world temperature is rising gradually.
c) What are the positive aspects of renewable energy?
Answer: Renewable energy sources are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. They are not harmful to the environment and they are not as expensive as fossil fuels.
d) Describes the negative features of non-renewable energy sources.
Answer: Non-renewable energy sources are finite and the world eventually will run out of them. They will become extremely expensive in the coming decades and too damaging for the environment to repair.
e) Do you support the idea that we should use renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels in order to save the environment? Why / Why not? Explain in 2 / 3 sentence.
Answer: I completely support the idea that we should use renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuels in order to save the environment. Because owing to excessive use of fossil fuels the concentration of carbon dioxide has increased greatly and consequently world temperature has risen to a great extent.
f) From your reading passage of paragraph 1 of the passage, give some idea about renewable energy sources and non-renewable energy sources.
Answer: Renewable energy sources are those which we get from the sun, sea-wave, wind, earth etc. They are not harmful to the environment, and they are constantly and naturally replenished and never run out. On the other hand, non-renewable energy sources are expensive, finite and must be finished. At the same time, they are destructive to the environment.
g) What are non-renewable energy sources and why will they create problems?
Answer: Petroleum, coal, natural gas, hydrocarbon and fossils fuels are non-renewable sources of energy. They will create problems because one time they will run out, they are expensive and they have also polluting impact on earth’s environment.
h) Where is the renewable energy used?
Answer: Most renewable energy sources come from the sun these can be used for heating and lighting homes for generating electricity and for other commercial and industrial uses.
i) Ocean energy comes from several sources. —— What are they and how can it be used?
Answer: They are the ocean’s force of tide and wave and it can be used to produce energy. The surface of the ocean gets more heat from the sun then the depth of the ocean. This temperature difference can be used as an energy source.
j) What elements will never run out? And why?
Answer: Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy are constantly and naturally replenishing and will never run out because it is natural.
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SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
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