SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Unit-11; Lesson-2(B)
In a speech at the 90th Science Congress, internationally acknowledged scientist and former Indian president Mr APJ Abdul Kalam mentioned a very important aspect of mankind’s future energy crisis. He pointed out that the era of wood and biomass has almost come to an end. The age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades. Massive burning of the world’s coal reserves may lead to a worldwide ecological disaster because coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Ukraine’s (former the Soviet Union) Chernobyl disaster in 1986 has exposed that nuclear energy can be potentially dangerous too. So according to Kalam, the only solution that mankind can look to is the massive use of solar energy in future because it has some advantages over other forms of renewable energies.
Now, why has Kalam put so much importance to the issue of energy? The energy sources have always been a major factor of change throughout history. The world’s petroleum consumption has increased from annually 3 billion barrels in 1930 to annually 50 billion barrels today. In the next quarter century, the world’s population is expected to be about 8 billion which is 30 per cent higher than today. Developing countries will grow their economies about two times faster than industrialised countries. Global economic growth is expected to continue at 3 per cent per year. Consequently, the global demand for energy will grow at about 1.7 per cent per year on an average. It indicates a 50 per cent rise in energy consumption by 2030. If the world’s daily petroleum consumption is 220 million barrels now, it will rise to 335 million barrels by that time. The present reserve of hydrocarbon energy resources is limited and it will not be sufficient to meet the future energy challenges of the world. And hence, leading industrial countries have taken initiatives to tap alternative energy sources mainly known as green or renewable energy sources. The bottom line of Kalam’s speech indicates that concern of mankind in the 21st century.
SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
বাংলা অনুবাদঃ
নব্বইতম বিজ্ঞান সম্মেলনের এক বিবৃতিতে আন্তর্জাতিক খ্যাতিসম্পন্ন বিজ্ঞানী এবং ভারতের সাবেক রাস্ত্রপতী আব্দুল কালাম মানব জাতির ভবিষ্যৎ শক্তি সকটের এক গুরুত্বপূর্ণ দিক তুলে ধরেন। তিনি উল্লেখ করেন যে কাঠ ও বায়োগ্যাসের দিন প্রায় শেষ হয়ে এসেছে। কয়েক দশকের মধ্যে জ্বালানি তেল এবং প্রাকৃতিক গ্যাসের দিনও শেষ হয়ে যাবে। বিশ্বের মজুদকৃত কয়লার ব্যাপক ব্যবহার পরিবেশের বিপর্যয় ঘটাতে পারে কারণ কয়লা পোড়ানোর মাধ্যমে বায়ুমন্ডলে সর্বোচ্চ পরিমাণ কার্বন নির্গত হয়। ইউক্রেনের সাবেক সোভিয়েত ইউনিয়ন) ১৯৮৬ সালের চেরনোবিল দুর্যোগ দেখিয়েছে যে, পারমাণবিক শক্তিও বিপদজনক হতে পারে। সুতরাং, আবুল কালামের মতে মানব জাতির জন্য একমাত্র সমাধান হলো ভবিষ্যতে সৌরশক্তি ব্যাপক ব্যবহার করা কেননা অন্য সব নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির চেয়ে এর সুবিধা বেশি।
এখন জনাব কালাম শক্তির বিষয়টিকে কেন এত বেশি গুরুত্ব দিয়েছেন? ইতিহাসে শক্তির উৎসগুলো সব সময় পরিবর্তনের ক্ষেত্রে প্রধান বিষয় হয়েছে। পৃথিবীর পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার ১৯৩০ সালে বার্ষিক ৩ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেল থেকে এখন বৃদ্ধি পেয়ে ৫০ বিলিয়ন ব্যারেল হয়েছে।
পরবর্তী ২৫ বছরে পৃথিবীর জনসংখ্যা প্রায় ৮ বিলিয়ন হবে বলে মনে হচ্ছে যা বর্তমানের তুলনায় ৩০ ভাগ বেশি। উন্নয়নশীল দেশগুলো তাদের অর্থনীতিকে শিল্পসমৃদ্ধ দেশগুলো থেকে দ্বিগুন দ্রুততায় বৃদ্ধি করবে। বিশ্ব অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি প্রতিবছরে ৩ শতাংশ ধারাবাহিকতা বজায় রাখবে বলে আশা করা হচ্ছে। এর ফলে পৃথিবীতে গড়ে প্রায় ১.৭ শতাংশ জ্বালানি চাহিদা বাড়বে। এটি নির্দেশ করে যে ২০৩০ সালের মধ্যে জ্বালানি ব্যবহার ৫০ ভাগ বেড়ে যাবে।
যদি এখন বিশ্বে প্রতিদিন ২২০ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেল পেট্রোলিয়াম ব্যবহার করা হয় তবে ঐ সময়ে এটি ৩৩৫ মিলিয়ন ব্যারেলে পৌছবে। বর্তমানে ডাইড্রো-কার্বন জ্বালানির রিজার্ভ সীমিত এবং ভবিষ্যতে বিশ্বের জ্বালানি চাহিদা মিটানের জন্য তা যথেষ্ট নয়। আর তাই, বিশ্বের শীর্ষস্থানীয় শিল্প প্রধান দেশগুলো বিকল্প শক্তির উৎস কাজে লাগানোর পদক্ষেপ নিয়েছে যা কিনা সবুজ বা নবায়নযোগ্য শক্তির উৎস হিসেবে পরিচিত। আবুল কালামের বক্তব্যের মূল বিষয় একুশ শতকের মানুষের সেই উদ্বিগ্নতাকেই নির্দেশ করে।
SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
1. Choose the correct answer from the following alternatives.
a) What does the phrase “Massive burning of world’s coal” mean?
i. The world’s stoning coal
ii.The world’s reducing coal
iii. The world’s annealing coal ☑
iv.The world’s producing coal
b) Huge burning of oil and coil—–.
i. has no bad effect on our environment
ii. is posing a great threat to our environment ☑
iii. producing a great deal of oxygen in the atmosphere
iv. has developed the world industrially keeping the environment intact
c) What does the expression, “The world’s petroleum consumption has increased” in line 2 of para2 mean?
i. The use of petroleum has been accelerated more than before. ☑
ii.The use of petroleum has been reduced in the present decades
iii. The production of petroleum has been increased more than before
iv. The usage of petroleum is now on the wane.
d) The word ‘acknowledged’ refers to ——.
i. popular
ii. widely recognized ☑
iii. knowledgeable
iv. wise
e) The reserve of hydrocarbon energy resources is —–.
i. not enough to satisfy the future massive demand of energy ☑
ii. of unlimited amount
iii. going to run out owing to its huge consumption
iv. never likely to run out
f) Ukraine’s Chernobyl disaster occurred—-.
i. at the middle of 14th century
ii. at the middle of 20th century
iii. at the last of the 20th century ☑
iv.at the last of the 19th-century
g) The purpose of the author of this passage is ——-?
i. to highlight the shortage of petroleum and other hydrocarbon energy sources and to attach importance to the massive use of solar energy ☑
ii. to heighten the statistics of leading industrial countries about how much petroleum they are using
iii. to state the advantages and disadvantages on the use of solar energy in a large scale
iv. to portray the contributions of Mr APJ Abdul Kalam to the usage of petroleum
h) Which of the following has the closest meaning of the phrase “internationally acknowledged scientist” used in line 1?
i. Locally reputed
ii. Famous in the world ☑
iii. Famous in the office only
iv. Famous among his friends only
i) Which of the following best describes the disadvantages of renewable energies?
i. Massive burning of the world’s coal reserves fails to lead to a worldwide ecological disaster.
ii. The smoke created by burning the woods helps rain in the dry season.
iii. Coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere. ☑
iv. Carbon dioxide gas helps melt the ice-caps on the sea.
j) Which is the following words describes the effect of massive burning of the world’s coal?
i. Assistance
ii. Solution
iii. Energy
iv. Disaster ☑
SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
2. Answer the following questions.
a) Why do you think the massive burning of coal may lead to an ecological disaster?
Answer: I think that the massive burning of coal may lead to an ecological disaster because coal burning emits the highest amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
b) Describe the condition of hydrocarbon energy in energy in brief.
Answer: Hydrocarbon is a primary energy source of current civilization. But the present reserve of hydrocarbon energy resources is limited and it will not be sufficient to meet the future energy challenges of the world.
c) The era of wood and biomass has almost come to an end—-.What does it mean?
Answer: It means that People now don’t use wood and biomass for energy. Wood was used as the means of heating, lighting and cooking. With the discovery of petroleum and coal, people’s source of energy has changed and developed.
d) What do you mean by the potential danger of nuclear energy?
Answer: Nuclear energy is both expensive and dangerous. Nuclear pollution is invisible. It doesn’t mean it’s clean. The use of nuclear energy is very dangerous. Ukraine’s Chernoby1 disaster in 1986 is a case in point.
e) Do you support the attitude, “The bottom line of Kalam speech indicates that concern of mankind in the 21st century.”? Why / Why not? Explain in 2/3 sentence.
Answer: Yes, I support the attitude cited in the question. Because the era of wood and biomass has almost come to an end and the age of oil and natural gas would soon be over within the next few decades. So, it is really a concern for mankind in the 21st century that the whole of mankind is going to experience the huge shortage of future energy.
f) From your reading of lines 1 and 2, write something about APJ Abdul Kalam.
Answer: APJ Abdul Kalam was the 11 the president of India from 2002-2007. Besides it, he was a professor, author and aerospace scientist.
g) What did Abul Kalam point out?
Answer: Abdul Kalam pointed out that carbon, produced by burning coal, was a threat to our environment. The use of other sources of energy had already been finished. But the new form of energy had become a matter of worldwide ecological disaster.
h) What according to Mr Kalam is the solution to the future energy crisis?
Answer: According to Mr Kalam, the only solution that mankind can look to is the massive use of solar energy in future.
i) What is the scientist Kalam concerned about?
Answer: The scientist Kalam is concerned about future energy crisis of world people that will take a disastrous shape.
j) Why does Mr Kalam put so much importance to the issue of energy?
Answer: Mr Kamal puts so much importance to the issue of energy because the energy sources have always been a major factor of change throughout the history.
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SSC ENGLISH SEEN PASSAGE & MODEL QUESTION
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